Passive voice ( kaya kalimat passiff ggeetthhoo..)

 
1. Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.
Example: My bike was stolen.

In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do not know, however, who did it.

Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the following example shows:

Example: A mistake was made.

In this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame anyone (e.g. You have made a mistake.)

Form of Passive

Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle (3rd column of irregular verbs)

Example: A letter was written.

When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:

>> the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence

>> the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)

>> the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)

Examples of Passive Level: lower intermediateTense Subject Verb Object

Simple Present Active: Nina writes a letter.

Passive                              : A letter is written by Nina.

Simple Past Active      : Nina wrote a letter.

Passive                              : A letter was written by Nina.

Present Perfect Active: Nina has written a letter.

Passive                              : A letter has been written by Nina.

Future I Active              : Nina will write a letter.

Passive                              : A letter will be written by Nina.

Hilfsverben Active        : Nina can write a letter.

Passive                              : A letter can be written by Nina.

Examples of Passive Level: upper intermediateTense Subject Verb Object

Present Progressive Active: Nina is writing a letter.

Passive: A letter is being written by Nina.

Past Progressive Active: Nina was writing a letter.

Passive: A letter was being written by Nina.

Past Perfect Active: Nina had written a letter.

Passive: A letter had been written by Nina.

Future II Active: Nina will have written a letter.

Passive: A letter will have been written by Nina .

Conditional I Active: Nina would write a letter.

Passive: A letter would be written by Nina.

Conditional II Active: Nina would have written a letter.

Passive: A letter would have been written by Nina.

Passive Sentences with Two Objects Level: intermediate

Rewriting an active sentence with two objects in passive voice means that one of the two objects becomes the subject, the other one remains an object. Which object to transform into a subject depends on what you want to put the focus on. Subject Verb Object 1 Object 2

Active: Nina wrote a letter to me.

Passive: A letter was written to me by Nina.

Passive: I was written a letter by Nina.

Gratitude , compliment, and congratulation :)

1. Gratitude ( loe bisa guna'n kata2 berikut bwt ngucapin rasa terima kasih loe ke org laen)

Expressions of thanking
1. Thanks / Thank you.
2. Thanks a lot / Thank you so much.
3. Thank for your help / for the ride.
4. I’d like to thank you. - 

Respons yg bisa loe guna'n antara lain
1. You’re welcome.

2. That’s all right.

3. No big deal / No problem.

4. That’s fine / My pleasure.

5. Not at all / Never mind.

Example : 
Mr.X: Miss.Y, here is your book. Thank you.
Miss. Y : you’re welcome. Are you sure you don’t need it anymore ?
Mr.X: Absolutely.



2. Compliment ( ini gw suukkaa...hahaha..dipuji-puji..)

Complimenting 

1. Wow, good job ! / Good grades! 
2. Nice try ! / Nice work ! 
3. Keep up the good work !
4. What a nice dress ! / Outfit ! 

Response
1. Thank you.
2. Really ?
3. I will.
4. Thanks a lot.


Example :

saaiiaa: Yesterday I bought this novel. It’s for you

kammuu : Oh, how kind you are . Thanks.

saaiiaa : It is nothing. 


3. Congratulation (ucapan ini ni yg sering gw terima..haha)


Congratulating 

1. Congratulations !
2. Happy birthday !
3. Happy Lebaran day ! / Merry Christmas !
4. Happy new year ! / Happy valentine ! 

Response

1. Thank you
2. Thanks a lot .
3. Happy Lebaran day ! / merry Christmas too.
4. Happy New year/ Valentine too.

Example :
x: Nina ,Congratulations !
Y won the English speech contest. Your English is so amazing.
x: Thank you.

Descriptive (apa hayo..)

Descriptive text is a text that draw or teil about something detail. The purpose of descriptive text to describe spesific thing or an object.

Generic structure :

1. Identification : Identify phenomenon to be describe
2. Description : Description in detail

Example :

Cat

Cat is one of the famous pet that so many people like it. (Identification)
Cat has a tail. From its mouth it makes a sound of " miau ". Cat is cute. It has soft fur. It also has four legs and four sharp claws. Cat likes mouse. Cat lives at home with people who keep it has their pet (Description)

Recount Text ( apaa eeaa??)

Text recount bercerita tentang sebuah fakta atau kejadian nyata dan hanya menceritakan sesuai urutan peistiwa/kronologi. Biasanya lebih fokus kepada pengalaman penulisnya sehingga sering menggunakan subjek "I" dan "we".

Language Features:
>> Recounts are written in the past tense
>> The conectivites in a recount are often: naxt, then, after that.

Generic Structure of Recount Text:

1. Orientation ( perkenalan (pe de ka te...hohohoho)) :provide the setting and introduces partisipants.
2. series of events ( kejadian): tell what happened, in squence.
3. Re-orientation : closure of event
   

NARRATIVE ( DONGENG LEE...)

Definition of Narrative

Narrative is a text focusing specific participants.The purpose of narrative text is to amuse or entertain the reader with actual or imaginary experiences in different ways.Narrative always deal with some problems which lead to the climax and turn into a solution to the problem.

Generic Structure of Narrative

A narrative text consists of the following structure:
1. Orientation: Introducing the participants and informing the time and the place
2. Complication: Describing the rising crises which the participants have to do with
3. Resolution: Showing the way of participant to solve the crises, better or worse

Language Features of Narrative

· Using processes verbs
· Using temporal conjunction
· Using Simple Past Tense

The kind of narrative text :

- Myth,a traditional story which may describe the origins of the word,a lace, and or of people.It is considered a true sacred story in the remote post.

-Legend,a true story primarily about human heroes in the recent past and may feature some religious reference.

-Folktale,a story which is regarded as fiction.It can be a non-scared fictional story that occurs "once upon a time" and features human and non-human characters.

-Folklore,a collection of fictional tales about people and or animals,It include myths and tales.

Examples of narrative text :

Cinderella

Once upon a time there was a girl called Cinderella. She lived with her stepsisters. They were very bossy. They made Cinderella do all the housework.
One day an invitation to the ball came to the family. Her stepsisters would not let her go. Cinderella was sad because she wanted to go to the ball too. Her stepsisters went to the ball without her.
Fortunately, the fairy Godmother came and helped her to get to the ball. At the ball, Cinderella dance with the prince. The prince fell in love with her then married her. They lived happily ever after.

Analyzing the Text

Generic Structure Analysis :
Orientation; introducing participants, Cinderella and her stepsisters. They lived together once time
Complication; describing the conflict among the participants. Cinderella wanted to come to the ball but her stepsisters did not let her go
Resolution; stating a problem solving, a happy ending. A fairy Godmother helped her to come to the ball

Language Feature Analysis :
Process verb; did, helped, fell in love, lived
Simple past tense pattern; there was a girl, she lived, an invitation came to the ball, etc